I. Source 1:
Terry, P. B. (2007). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Lung Disorders, 19-36.
The article I chose discussed the possible diagnoses and treatments for COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, including the specific treatments that can be used in treating patients that have COPD and any of the following conditions: asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema. The article explains the ways of diagnosing COPD in terms of the patient’s explanations of symptoms and the physical evidence of COPD. The author discussed the possible treatments, such as medications, surgeries, change in lifestyle, or physical therapies. This article helps me better understand a major pulmonary disease that is often treated in pulmonary clinics like the one where I am doing my internship. It also helps me learn information regarding the ways in which diseases are handled by pulmonologists, like the diagnoses and treatments and complications that are associated with the disease.
This source was quite helpful in teaching me the basics and important information needed to understand COPD and how it is handled by doctors. It very closely relates to my chosen topic because it discusses the actual subject of pulmonology and COPD specifically. Most likely, I can use this source to explain and define the disease at the beginning of my presentation to help my audience understand my topic and my internship. This document is most helpful in explaining what is most important to know about understanding the symptoms of COPD and how it affects patients with asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema because those three conditions work differently when in conjunction with COPD.
II. Source 2:
Suhaj, A., et al. "Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder Patients - a Randomized Controlled Study." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, no. 1, 2016, p. 78. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/jcpt.12353.
The article includes information about a study conducted by researches regarding smokers suffering from COPD in India and Ireland. It explains the importance of pharmacist intervention on the improvement of health for the patients included in this observational study. It states that patient adherence to medication use is a big issue with people suffering from COPD and that doctor counseling is important to making sure that patients’ health improves. The article also claims that patients’ use of the actual apparatuses for medication is also a problem with managing COPD symptoms. Some people who suffer from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder patients also face problems with emotional and mental problems due to the stresses of handling symptoms and taking their medications. The study showed that pharmacist involvement in the healing and health improvement process did, in fact, improve the condition of COPD sufferers in India. The study, however, requires expansion and further study in other areas of India because this study includes only patients from Manipal in Karnataka. Some quotes that can be used to support my main claims in my research include the following:
The source is credible because this study was conducted by doctors from a reputable University and a Medical Hospital and it was uploaded to a website that can provide students with many academic and educational research pages and science journals, GALILEO. I will use this information to support any facts I state about the treatment of COPD patients during my presentation. I will use it to prove the importance of periodic patient-physician coordination during the treatment process and during the management of symptoms for people suffering from COPD. It can also help me to better understand the role of pharmacists in the process of treating a condition like COPD, which can be caused by many different factors in a patient’s life and can affect many more factors in a patient’s life after diagnosis or during the progression of the disorder.
III. Source 3
Mogulkoc, Nesrin, et al. "Pulmonary function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and referral for lung transplantation." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 164.1 (2001): 103-108.
The article basically described a study conducted by scientists/physicians to understand the effects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) on lung function and to estimate when a patient should be suggested a lung transplant as part of their treatment. The transplant was only performed for patients that withstood all the criteria for a lung transplant and received one. The article discusses in depth the ways to predict and understand survival rates for the transplant and when the transplant should be suggested to the patient. In the beginning, the article discusses what IPF is and the various factors that can influence a patient's eligibility for lung transplantation and the various waiting times for lung transplants. Later on, the article discusses an observational study that was conducted to determine the timing of suggestions or referrals for a lung transplant. It also discusses why a patient is not eligible or why they were excluded from the study. It talks about the importance of "[p]ulmonary function test[s], as a noninvasive, quantitative measurement, [being] the cornerstone of current practice in the assessment of the disease severity and progression." (Mogulkoc 1). Possible quotes from this passage that can be used include the following:
Terry, P. B. (2007). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Lung Disorders, 19-36.
The article I chose discussed the possible diagnoses and treatments for COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, including the specific treatments that can be used in treating patients that have COPD and any of the following conditions: asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema. The article explains the ways of diagnosing COPD in terms of the patient’s explanations of symptoms and the physical evidence of COPD. The author discussed the possible treatments, such as medications, surgeries, change in lifestyle, or physical therapies. This article helps me better understand a major pulmonary disease that is often treated in pulmonary clinics like the one where I am doing my internship. It also helps me learn information regarding the ways in which diseases are handled by pulmonologists, like the diagnoses and treatments and complications that are associated with the disease.
This source was quite helpful in teaching me the basics and important information needed to understand COPD and how it is handled by doctors. It very closely relates to my chosen topic because it discusses the actual subject of pulmonology and COPD specifically. Most likely, I can use this source to explain and define the disease at the beginning of my presentation to help my audience understand my topic and my internship. This document is most helpful in explaining what is most important to know about understanding the symptoms of COPD and how it affects patients with asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema because those three conditions work differently when in conjunction with COPD.
II. Source 2:
Suhaj, A., et al. "Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacist Intervention on Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder Patients - a Randomized Controlled Study." Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, no. 1, 2016, p. 78. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/jcpt.12353.
The article includes information about a study conducted by researches regarding smokers suffering from COPD in India and Ireland. It explains the importance of pharmacist intervention on the improvement of health for the patients included in this observational study. It states that patient adherence to medication use is a big issue with people suffering from COPD and that doctor counseling is important to making sure that patients’ health improves. The article also claims that patients’ use of the actual apparatuses for medication is also a problem with managing COPD symptoms. Some people who suffer from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder patients also face problems with emotional and mental problems due to the stresses of handling symptoms and taking their medications. The study showed that pharmacist involvement in the healing and health improvement process did, in fact, improve the condition of COPD sufferers in India. The study, however, requires expansion and further study in other areas of India because this study includes only patients from Manipal in Karnataka. Some quotes that can be used to support my main claims in my research include the following:
- “Inclusion of pharmacists in the healthcare team plays a pivotal role in smoking cessation and educational interventions, thereby decreasing disease progression, improving medication adherence and inhaler use.” (78)
- “Pharmacist should engage with all patients and provide required health education to assist them in self-care. Further, motivation plays a crucial role in promoting self-care.”(78)
- “Patients who voluntarily involve themselves in self-care are open to educational interventions, which may be updated easily, particularly in matters of medicines, disease and lifestyle modifications. In order to improve overall well-being of the patient, treatment should not be restricted to medication management strategies alone. Multifactorial approaches that include comprehensive health education should be considered.” (78)
The source is credible because this study was conducted by doctors from a reputable University and a Medical Hospital and it was uploaded to a website that can provide students with many academic and educational research pages and science journals, GALILEO. I will use this information to support any facts I state about the treatment of COPD patients during my presentation. I will use it to prove the importance of periodic patient-physician coordination during the treatment process and during the management of symptoms for people suffering from COPD. It can also help me to better understand the role of pharmacists in the process of treating a condition like COPD, which can be caused by many different factors in a patient’s life and can affect many more factors in a patient’s life after diagnosis or during the progression of the disorder.
III. Source 3
Mogulkoc, Nesrin, et al. "Pulmonary function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and referral for lung transplantation." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 164.1 (2001): 103-108.
The article basically described a study conducted by scientists/physicians to understand the effects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) on lung function and to estimate when a patient should be suggested a lung transplant as part of their treatment. The transplant was only performed for patients that withstood all the criteria for a lung transplant and received one. The article discusses in depth the ways to predict and understand survival rates for the transplant and when the transplant should be suggested to the patient. In the beginning, the article discusses what IPF is and the various factors that can influence a patient's eligibility for lung transplantation and the various waiting times for lung transplants. Later on, the article discusses an observational study that was conducted to determine the timing of suggestions or referrals for a lung transplant. It also discusses why a patient is not eligible or why they were excluded from the study. It talks about the importance of "[p]ulmonary function test[s], as a noninvasive, quantitative measurement, [being] the cornerstone of current practice in the assessment of the disease severity and progression." (Mogulkoc 1). Possible quotes from this passage that can be used include the following:
- "A limited window of opportunity exists to refer IPF patients for lung transplantation. The short transplant window is reflected in the high mortality rate in IPF patients awaiting lung transplantation (4)"
- "The timing of referral for transplantation is therefore dependent on predicting survival. In previous studies, poor survival was associated with male sex (7), older age (7, 8), non-response to steroids (9), and reduced pulmonary function at presentation (10–12). However, current estimates of survival are based upon studies in which patients are of a wide age range, whereas lung transplantation is limited to patients younger than 65 yr of age"
- "Our patients receive treatment in the form of corticosteroids, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, in a manner comparable to other centers. Given the current understanding of treatment and outcome, it is unlikely that these treatment regimes actually influenced survival. Patients who underwent lung transplantation were excluded from the study. Death rates among patients awaiting lung transplantation are the highest in the IPF group. Therefore, to include patients who underwent transplantation, with their enhanced post-transplant survival, would skew the data inappropriately."